Principles of Accounts (POA) vocabulary explains where business money comes from, where it goes and what the numbers really mean. A shop can make a profit yet have little cash. A sale can increase revenue before the customer pays. A debit is not always a deduction, and a credit is not always income. This guide gives 200 clear accounting terms with simple meanings, practical examples and step-by-step explanations for Singapore’s SEC G3 Principles of Accounts.

For the 2027 Singapore-Cambridge Secondary Education Certificate, G3 Principles of Accounts uses SEAB K342 (earlier 7087). The refined 2027 syllabus focuses on accounting as a decision-making aid, a language representing business activities, and an information system. It includes double-entry, statements, financial ratios, internal controls, integrity and judgement from both accounting and non-accounting evidence. This is an independent eduKate teaching glossary, not an official SEAB 200-word requirement.

Quick answers:

• Understand the accounting equation before learning journal entries by memory.
• Every ordinary double-entry transaction keeps total debits equal to total credits.
• Profit and cash flow answer different questions; do not treat them as the same number.
• In 2027 K342, Paper 1 lasts 1 hour and carries 40%, while Paper 2 lasts 2 hours and carries 60%.
• The 7-mark Paper 2 scenario asks for a business decision supported by three reasons, using accounting and non-accounting evidence.
• Use this list to repair terms that cause mistakes in the student’s actual exercises.

1–10: Why accounting matters

1. accounting — Recording, organising and interpreting business financial information.
2. accountant — Professional who prepares and explains financial information.
3. bookkeeping — Systematic recording of financial transactions.
4. stewardship — Responsible management of resources entrusted to someone.
5. stakeholder — Person or group interested in a business’s activities.
6. decision-making — Choosing an action after considering information.
7. integrity — Being honest and straightforward in professional work.
8. objectivity — Making judgements without improper bias or influence.
9. accountability — Responsibility to explain decisions and results.
10. professional ethics — Standards guiding trustworthy conduct.

Practice transfer: Use a simple fictional shop to illustrate one of these terms.

11–20: Business organisation

11. sole proprietorship — Business owned and controlled by one person.
12. partnership — Business owned by two or more partners under an arrangement.
13. limited liability company — Separate legal entity whose owners generally have limited liability.
14. owner — Person or group with an ownership interest.
15. shareholder — Person or entity owning shares in a company.
16. manager — Person directing business operations.
17. customer — Person or organisation buying goods or services.
18. supplier — Person or organisation providing goods or services.
19. creditor — Party to whom money is owed.
20. debtor — Party owing money to another.

Practice transfer: Explain which number or document would give evidence for the selected term.

21–30: Information used in business

21. accounting information — Financial data processed to support decisions.
22. non-accounting information — Relevant business information not expressed mainly in accounts.
23. financial information — Monetary measures of activity and position.
24. qualitative information — Descriptive evidence such as service quality.
25. quantitative information — Evidence expressed numerically.
26. relevance — Usefulness of information for the decision.
27. reliability — Dependability of information for its purpose.
28. comparability — Ability to evaluate results on a consistent basis.
29. timeliness — Availability of information when needed.
30. materiality — Significance of information to a user’s judgement.

Practice transfer: Compare two similar terms and say how confusing them changes a business decision.

31–40: Financial statements at a glance

31. financial statement — A formal report of business performance or position.
32. statement of financial performance — Report presenting income and expenses for a period.
33. statement of financial position — Report showing assets, liabilities and equity at a date.
34. reporting period — Length of time a financial report covers.
35. financial year — Twelve-month accounting period used for annual reporting.
36. profit — Excess of recognised income over expenses.
37. loss — Excess of expenses over recognised income.
38. revenue — Income from ordinary business activities.
39. expense — Cost incurred to earn income or operate the business.
40. net profit — Profit after deducting all recognised expenses.

Practice transfer: Write one sentence using the term correctly, then explain it to a parent.

41–50: Assets and resources

41. asset — Resource controlled by a business with expected future economic benefit.
42. current asset — Asset expected to be realised or used in the operating cycle or soon.
43. non-current asset — Longer-term asset not classified as current.
44. cash in hand — Physical currency held by the business.
45. cash at bank — Money deposited in a business bank account.
46. inventory — Goods held for resale in the business.
47. trade receivable — Amount owed by a customer for credit sales.
48. prepayment — Payment made in advance for a future expense.
49. equipment — Tools or machines used in business operations.
50. carrying amount — Recognised book value of an asset after relevant adjustments.

Practice transfer: Use a simple fictional shop to illustrate one of these terms.

51–60: Liabilities and obligations

51. liability — Present obligation expected to require an outflow of resources.
52. current liability — Obligation due within the relevant short-term classification.
53. non-current liability — Liability not classified as current.
54. trade payable — Amount owed to a supplier for goods bought on credit.
55. bank loan — Money borrowed from a bank under repayment terms.
56. accrual — Expense owed but not yet paid, or related adjustment.
57. interest payable — Interest incurred but not yet settled.
58. amount owing — Money still due to another party.
59. repayment — Money returned towards an obligation.
60. settlement — Discharging a debt or other obligation.

Practice transfer: Explain which number or document would give evidence for the selected term.

61–70: Ownership and equity

61. equity — Owner’s residual interest after deducting liabilities from assets.
62. capital — Funds or other resources invested by an owner.
63. share capital — Owner financing represented by issued shares.
64. drawings — Resources taken from a sole-proprietor business for personal use.
65. retained earnings — Accumulated profits kept in a company after distributions.
66. dividend — Distribution of company profits to shareholders.
67. capital contribution — New resources invested by an owner.
68. owner’s interest — The owner’s stake in business net assets.
69. accumulated profit — Total retained results from past trading periods.
70. opening equity — Equity at the start of the reporting period.

Practice transfer: Compare two similar terms and say how confusing them changes a business decision.

71–80: The accounting equation

71. accounting equation — Assets equal liabilities plus equity.
72. double-entry — Recording each transaction with equal total debits and credits.
73. debit — Entry placed on the left side of an account.
74. credit — Entry placed on the right side of an account.
75. account — Record tracking one category of transactions.
76. transaction — Event affecting business records or financial position.
77. journal entry — Record of the debit and credit effects of a transaction.
78. ledger — Collection of accounts used to maintain balances.
79. balance — Amount remaining in an account after entries are considered.
80. trial balance — List of ledger balances used to check debit-credit equality.

Practice transfer: Write one sentence using the term correctly, then explain it to a parent.

81–90: Documenting transactions

81. source document — Original evidence supporting a business transaction.
82. invoice — Document stating details and amount of goods or services supplied.
83. receipt — Evidence that payment has been received.
84. credit note — Document recording a reduction in an earlier invoice.
85. debit note — Document recording a specified debit adjustment.
86. purchase order — Request issued to order goods or services.
87. delivery order — Document recording delivery of goods.
88. bank statement — Record of transactions in a bank account.
89. payment voucher — Document authorising or evidencing payment.
90. audit trail — Records allowing a transaction to be traced.

Practice transfer: Use a simple fictional shop to illustrate one of these terms.

91–100: Sales and purchases

91. cash sale — Sale settled immediately with cash or equivalent.
92. credit sale — Sale allowing the customer to pay later.
93. cash purchase — Purchase paid for immediately.
94. credit purchase — Purchase to be paid for later.
95. sales return — Goods sent back by a customer after sale.
96. purchase return — Goods returned by a business to its supplier.
97. trade discount — Reduction from a listed price before invoicing.
98. cash discount — Reduction offered for payment on specified terms.
99. sales revenue — Income from selling goods in ordinary operations.
100. cost of sales — Cost attributed to inventory sold.

Practice transfer: Explain which number or document would give evidence for the selected term.

101–110: Inventory and gross profit

101. opening inventory — Value of stock held at the beginning of a period.
102. closing inventory — Value of stock held at the end of a period.
103. gross profit — Sales revenue minus cost of sales.
104. gross loss — Cost of sales exceeds sales revenue.
105. inventory valuation — Method of determining the recorded value of stock.
106. inventory turnover — Measure of how quickly stock is sold and replaced.
107. inventory shortage — Recorded amount exceeds stock actually present.
108. stocktaking — Physical counting of goods held for resale.
109. obsolete inventory — Stock no longer useful or readily saleable.
110. net realisable value — Estimated selling price less expected costs to complete and sell.

Practice transfer: Compare two similar terms and say how confusing them changes a business decision.

111–120: Operating income and expenses

111. commission income — Income earned for arranging transactions or services.
112. rental income — Income earned by letting property or space.
113. salary expense — Cost of employees’ agreed remuneration.
114. utilities expense — Cost of services such as electricity and water.
115. advertising expense — Cost of promoting a business.
116. insurance expense — Cost of insurance protection for a period.
117. rent expense — Cost of occupying rented premises.
118. interest expense — Cost of borrowing funds.
119. other income — Income from activities outside primary sales.
120. operating expenses — Costs of running normal business activities.

Practice transfer: Write one sentence using the term correctly, then explain it to a parent.

121–130: Accounting adjustments

121. accrual accounting — Recognising income and expenses in the period earned or incurred.
122. expense prepayment — Payment covering a future accounting period.
123. income receivable — Income earned but not yet received.
124. income received in advance — Cash collected before income has been earned.
125. adjusting entry — Record changing balances to reflect proper period amounts.
126. depreciation — Systematic allocation of a tangible asset’s cost over its useful life.
127. accumulated depreciation — Total depreciation recorded on an asset to date.
128. useful life — Expected period an asset will provide benefit.
129. residual value — Estimated value remaining at the end of useful life.
130. straight-line method — Method allocating equal depreciation each year.

Practice transfer: Use a simple fictional shop to illustrate one of these terms.

131–140: Trade receivables and credit risk

131. credit period — Time allowed for a customer to pay.
132. overdue balance — Amount unpaid after its agreed due date.
133. ageing schedule — Report showing how long amounts have been outstanding.
134. allowance for impairment — Estimate adjusting receivables for expected non-collection.
135. irrecoverable debt — Debt determined to be uncollectible.
136. credit control — Policies and checks for managing customer credit.
137. collection period — Measure of how long customers take to pay.
138. liquidity risk — Risk of not meeting obligations when due.
139. creditworthiness — Judgement of a customer’s ability to repay.
140. receivables management — Monitoring and collecting amounts owed by customers.

Practice transfer: Explain which number or document would give evidence for the selected term.

141–150: Trade payables and financial obligations

141. payment terms — Conditions specifying when and how to pay.
142. due date — Date by which a sum is payable.
143. supplier credit — Permission to receive supplies before payment.
144. payables management — Planning and making supplier payments.
145. settlement discount received — Reduction gained for paying within a specified time.
146. late payment — Payment after the required date.
147. bank borrowing — Funds obtained from a bank for future repayment.
148. interest rate — Proportion used to calculate borrowing costs.
149. cash flow — Movement of cash into and out of a business.
150. working capital — Current assets minus current liabilities.

Practice transfer: Compare two similar terms and say how confusing them changes a business decision.

151–160: Profitability analysis

151. profitability — Ability to earn profit relative to sales or resources.
152. gross profit margin — Gross profit expressed as a share of net sales.
153. net profit margin — Net profit expressed as a share of net sales.
154. revenue growth — Increase in revenue between periods.
155. expense ratio — A specified expense compared with another amount.
156. return on equity — Profit compared with owner’s equity under a stated definition.
157. benchmark — Reference used for comparison.
158. trend analysis — Studying financial values over time.
159. performance indicator — Measure used to track a business objective.
160. comparative analysis — Evaluation of results against another period or business.

Practice transfer: Write one sentence using the term correctly, then explain it to a parent.

161–170: Liquidity and efficiency

161. liquidity — Ability to meet short-term financial obligations.
162. current ratio — Current assets divided by current liabilities.
163. quick ratio — Liquid current assets divided by current liabilities under a stated definition.
164. inventory turnover rate — Number of times stock turns over during a period.
165. trade receivables turnover — Rate of collection of credit sales.
166. average inventory — Typical opening and closing inventory used in analysis.
167. days sales outstanding — Approximate number of days to collect receivables.
168. solvency — Ability to meet longer-term financial obligations.
169. efficiency — Effectiveness in using resources.
170. ratio interpretation — Explaining what a calculated financial ratio implies.

Practice transfer: Use a simple fictional shop to illustrate one of these terms.

171–180: Internal control and errors

171. internal control — Process designed to safeguard resources and reliable records.
172. segregation of duties — Dividing responsibilities among different people.
173. authorisation — Formal permission for a transaction.
174. verification — Checking a record against supporting evidence.
175. reconciliation — Comparing records and explaining differences.
176. bank reconciliation — Comparing business cash records with a bank statement.
177. clerical error — Mistake made while entering or processing records.
178. error of omission — A transaction left out of the records.
179. error of commission — Entry made to the wrong account of a similar type.
180. suspense account — Temporary account for certain unresolved trial-balance differences.

Practice transfer: Explain which number or document would give evidence for the selected term.

181–190: Business decisions and ethical practice

181. scenario — Fictional or real situation considered for a decision.
182. option — One possible action among alternatives.
183. justification — Reasons explaining why a choice is supported.
184. financial evidence — Accounting facts used to support a conclusion.
185. non-financial factor — Relevant concern such as customer satisfaction or reputation.
186. opportunity cost — Benefit of the best alternative given up.
187. reputation — The level of trust a business has earned.
188. customer satisfaction — How well customers feel their needs are met.
189. sustainability — Managing resources without undermining future wellbeing.
190. recommendation — A reasoned choice accompanied by supporting evidence.

Practice transfer: Compare two similar terms and say how confusing them changes a business decision.

191–200: Revision and examination language

191. calculate — Find a numerical result by a valid method.
192. prepare — Produce a specified financial record or statement.
193. record — Enter a transaction into appropriate accounts.
194. explain — Show why or how an accounting result occurs.
195. analyse — Break information into meaningful parts.
196. evaluate — Judge using evidence and stated criteria.
197. compare — Identify relevant similarities and differences.
198. state — Give a concise fact.
199. identify — Name the required item.
200. conclude — Reach a final position from available information.

Practice transfer: Write one sentence using the term correctly, then explain it to a parent.

Start with the accounting equation: the shortest explanation that actually works

Assets = Liabilities + Equity. This equation expresses where the business’s controlled resources are financed from. If a sole proprietor contributes $5,000 cash to start a tutoring-supplies shop, the business has $5,000 in assets and $5,000 of owner’s equity. If the owner then borrows $2,000 from the bank, cash becomes $7,000, liabilities become $2,000 and equity remains $5,000. The equation still balances. Borrowing has increased available cash, but it is not revenue or a profit.

Now suppose the business buys $1,200 of shelving, paying from the bank. One asset, cash, falls by $1,200, while another, equipment, rises by the same amount. Total assets do not change at that point. Calling every cash payment an expense would distort the statements: the shelf is a resource expected to provide future economic benefit, while depreciation may allocate its cost across its useful life.

Debit and credit: why the words mislead beginners

In accounting, debit means an entry on the left of an account and credit means an entry on the right. They are not synonyms for “bad” and “good”, and they do not carry the same sign for every type of account. Assets and expenses normally increase by debit; liabilities, equity and income normally increase by credit. For example, purchasing $300 of stationery in cash for immediate use may be recorded as debit stationery expense $300 and credit cash $300. Both sides of the entry equal $300.

One practical memory aid is to state the story before the ledger: what was received, what was given up, and which categories changed? Then write the debit and credit entry. Avoid shortcuts such as “money in is always a debit” because the nature of the other account and the event still matter.

Example 1: a business can be profitable yet short of cash

Suppose a fictional shop sells $3,000 of goods on credit, with cost of sales $1,800 and other recognised expenses $700. Its profit for those transactions is $500. But if customers have not paid, the business may lack the cash to settle suppliers. Revenue is recognised under accrual accounting when earned, not necessarily when paid. The business should therefore monitor both profitability and liquidity. The practical question is not “is the profit number positive?” alone; it is also “can the business meet payments when due?”

What does the customer owe?

If the shop sends an invoice for $3,000 and receives $1,000, the remaining trade receivable is $2,000, assuming no other adjustments. The receipt changes assets from receivables into cash; it does not create an additional $1,000 of sales revenue. If collection becomes doubtful, the business may need an adjustment for impairment, using the relevant accounting guidance. A customer overdue by a few days is not automatically an irrecoverable debt.

Example 2: cost of sales and gross profit

Assume opening inventory is $4,000, net purchases for the year $12,000 and closing inventory $3,000. Under this simplified example, cost of sales = $4,000 + $12,000 − $3,000 = $13,000. If sales revenue is $20,000, gross profit = $7,000, giving a gross profit margin of 35%. Gross profit is calculated before operating expenses such as rent, wages and electricity. If those total $4,500, net profit would be $2,500, assuming no other items. The labels matter because gross and net profit answer different questions about performance.

Why should inventory be physically counted?

A digital record may say there are 100 items. If only 95 are physically present, the discrepancy needs investigation. Possible causes range from damaged or misplaced goods to recording errors. The correct response is to verify records and follow internal controls, not immediately accuse someone of theft. Stocktaking, properly supported documents and separation of duties strengthen reliability. Accurate inventory values influence both profit measurement and the statement of financial position.

Example 3: how depreciation changes the accounts

Suppose equipment costs $6,000, has an expected useful life of five years and an estimated residual value of $1,000. Straight-line annual depreciation is ($6,000 − $1,000) ÷ 5 = $1,000, assuming a full year of use. The depreciation expense reduces profit. Accumulated depreciation rises, and carrying amount falls from cost after the appropriate years. Depreciation is not the same thing as the amount of cash spent to buy the equipment; cash was paid at acquisition, while depreciation records consumption of economic benefit over time.

Students should state the assumption about timing clearly. An asset purchased part-way through a year might require an appropriate time-apportioned charge under the instructions. They should read the question’s dates rather than treating every full-year formula as universal.

Example 4: a trade payable is not a customer debt

A trade payable is money the business owes to a supplier. A trade receivable is money a customer owes the business. If a fictional bakery buys $800 of flour on 30-day credit, it has inventory (or a relevant expense depending on the transaction) and a trade payable. When it pays the supplier, the payable and cash both decrease. A shop that confuses payables and receivables can misread its working capital and make an unsafe spending decision.

Early-payment discounts may influence whether and when a business pays, but students should use the stated terms, the invoice details and the syllabus treatment. A discount is not automatically beneficial if taking it creates a more serious cash shortage elsewhere; business decisions depend on the full circumstances.

Example 5: what a current ratio can and cannot prove

If current assets are $12,000 and current liabilities are $6,000, the current ratio is 2:1. This may suggest the business has twice as many current assets as current liabilities by recorded value. It does not prove it has $12,000 in cash. Some assets may be stock that is slow to sell or receivables that customers may pay late. Interpret liquidity with the quality of the assets, timing of payments, cash availability and other relevant information.

Comparing ratios across years can identify a trend, but no single ratio is a complete verdict. A higher inventory balance may raise the current ratio while making cash management harder. A good response explains what changed, why it might matter and what information would help confirm the conclusion.

Example 6: how the seven-mark scenario-based question works

Suppose a fictional school-supplies retailer must choose between Supplier A, which charges a lower price but often delivers late, and Supplier B, which charges slightly more but provides reliable deliveries and stronger after-sales support. Imagine the scenario provides purchase costs, credit periods and service records. The student should select one option and give three justified reasons, mixing accounting and non-accounting evidence where appropriate. “B is better” is not enough. “B has a better on-time delivery record, reducing the risk of empty shelves during the school-opening period” explains a practical consequence.

The K342 syllabus specifies five possible business contexts for this scenario: inventory, trade payables, trade receivables, non-current assets and business entities. The question is 7 marks within Paper 2. You do not have to claim one option is always best: the reasoning must be tied to the fictional business’s priorities and the evidence actually given.

Ethics: why an accountant’s judgement affects real people

Accounting is not only a mechanical technique for filling tables. Suppliers decide whether to offer credit, employees consider job security, owners decide whether to expand and financial institutions assess lending. If a manager hides an overdue debt or inflates sales, stakeholders may make decisions based on unreliable reports. Integrity involves truthfulness, while objectivity requires avoiding bias and improper influence. These professional values appear in the syllabus because trust in the information system matters to the people using it.

When correcting errors, students should explain whether the mistake changes profit, assets, liabilities or only the classification between accounts. A trial balance that agrees does not guarantee every transaction was recorded correctly: equal debit and credit totals can coexist with omission, incorrect accounts or other errors. Review source documents and the purpose of internal controls instead of treating arithmetic balance as proof of perfection.

2027 K342 examination format and what to practise

According to SEAB’s official 2027 G3 Principles of Accounts K342 syllabus, candidates take Paper 1: one hour, 40 marks, 40% and Paper 2: two hours, 60 marks, 60%. Both contain compulsory structured questions; approved calculators may be used. Paper 2 has four compulsory questions, one asking for financial statements for a business for one financial year (20 marks), and a scenario-based component (7 marks) in another question. The 2027 syllabus is labelled refined in subject content; the assessment scheme has not changed. Practise statements, workings and written judgement together.

Before each paper, ask whether your child can identify the exact account or business decision requested. Preparation should include reading dates and monetary amounts accurately, applying appropriate classifications, showing reconciled workings and checking if the final answer addresses the stakeholder’s actual question. A student who performs a journal entry correctly but cannot explain the information’s practical implication has another skill to develop.

A four-week learning plan for the 200 terms

1. Week 1 — language of business: learn 40 words covering stakeholders, ownership, the accounting equation and financial statements. Draw one simple fictitious business and trace how money and resources enter or leave. Explain why the business and owner are considered separately for accounting records.
2. Week 2 — transactions and recording: work on 50 terms from double-entry, documents, credit sales, purchases and inventory. Turn each story into accounts and check equal debit-credit totals. Revisit the Week 1 terms in unfamiliar exercises.
3. Week 3 — adjustment and analysis: practise depreciation, accrued expenses, receivables, payables and ratios. Explain how each adjustment changes statements and whether it necessarily changes available cash.
4. Week 4 — decisions and transfer: complete unseen structured questions, prepare a one-year financial statement, and answer a scenario requiring three evidence-led reasons. Keep a mistake log that distinguishes incorrect terminology, classification, calculation and judgement.

Do not teach all 200 words in isolation. Use a short explanation, a numerical example, an independent attempt and a later spaced review. If a student already understands 150 terms, spend the time on the specific items disrupting their own work.

Parent’s diagnostic questions

Can the student explain why a cash loan increases liabilities rather than revenue? Can they distinguish an owner’s drawings from an expense of earning income? Can they say what changes when a customer pays an existing receivable? Can they tell why an increase in the current ratio might still leave a business struggling to pay bills? These simple questions reveal whether the child merely recognises an accounting term or has constructed a dependable working model.

Use ordinary Singapore scenarios such as a small café, tuition-material shop or sports vendor. Avoid asking students to use private family accounts, real supplier invoices or confidential business information. Fictitious but realistic transactions are sufficient for practising accounting logic. The subject’s purpose is to learn to make transparent financial decisions—not to access anyone’s personal financial details.

Frequently asked questions

Is this an official 200-word SEAB POA vocabulary list?

No. It is an original study resource aligned with broad K342 topic areas. The official syllabus sets the actual content and examination requirements.

Does G3 Principles of Accounts use a calculator?

SEAB allows an approved calculator in both K342 papers. The student must still understand classification, recordkeeping and explanation.

Is credit always income?

No. A credit is the right-hand entry. Depending on the account, it may increase a liability, equity or revenue, or decrease an asset.

Why does a profitable business sometimes fail?

Profit is not identical to cash availability. A business may lack short-term cash despite positive reported profit, especially where receivables are unpaid or stock cannot be converted into cash quickly.

Does POA teach students to become accountants?

It provides foundations in financial recording and judgement. Professional accounting requires additional specialised education and qualifications.

Is K342 the same as Economics K343 or Business K344?

No. Those are separate syllabus codes. POA focuses on preparing and using financial accounting information, while the other subjects have different objectives.

How much time should a child spend on terminology?

A focused ten-to-fifteen-minute review of difficult terms followed by applying them in worked examples can be productive. Extend only when the learner remains engaged and accurate.

What is the best revision method before the scenario question?

Make a two-option comparison table, list accounting and non-accounting evidence from the question, then give three specific reasons for the final choice. Avoid claims unsupported by the supplied data.

Will memorising definitions guarantee A1?

No. Accurate technique, clear judgement, disciplined checking and regular application are also necessary; no outcome is guaranteed.

Official syllabus and further reading

Use SEAB’s SEC 2027 G3 subject index to verify the course, and read the 2027 K342 Principles of Accounts syllabus for the approved subject content and papers. For older 7087 books, inspect the syllabus year and refined requirements rather than assuming every exercise is identical. For related analytical thinking, see 200 G3 Mathematics terms for ratios, percentages and graphs. These skills overlap, but K310 and K342 remain different examinations.

eduKate Punggol original educational glossary, November 2026. Not a prescribed SEAB word bank or professional financial advice.